7-Zip（7z解压软件）是一款完全免费的压缩解压缩软件，同其他压缩软件相比它的压缩速度更快压缩率更好，不仅支持众多主流格式、支持超线程，而且还有强大的AES-256加密算法可以为文件进行加密，增强文件的安全性，下面为大家详细讲解一下Centos7中安装并使用7-Zip具体方法。
默认Centos7没有安装p7zip安装包，默认源里面也没有这个安装包，需要安装epel源才能安装p7zip安装包。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install p7zip p7zip-plugins 7z命令提供的函数字母与命令行选项类似，但使用时不使用-。这些参数字母告诉命令它需要执行的函数。
创建一个压缩包使用a参数
创建一个7z格式的压缩包：
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.7z file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive: 4 files, 0 bytes Creating archive: files.7z Items to compress: 4 Files read from disk: 0 Archive size: 143 bytes (1 KiB) Everything is Ok 执行完命令，查看一下是否已经创建7z格式的压缩包 创建一个包含目录的压缩包：
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a gpg.7z .gnupg/ 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive: 2 folders, 5 files, 8280 bytes (9 KiB) Creating archive: gpg.7z Items to compress: 7 Files read from disk: 2 Archive size: 4157 bytes (5 KiB) Everything is Ok [root@localhost ~]# 7zip还可以压缩、解压缩其他格式的压缩包。比如：创建一个.zip格式的压缩包。
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.zip file{1..4}.txt 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive: 4 files, 0 bytes Creating archive: files.zip Items to compress: 4 Files read from disk: 4 Archive size: 542 bytes (1 KiB) Everything is Ok 列出压缩包里面的内容
列出压缩包的内容使用l参数：
[root@localhost ~]# 7z l gpg.7z 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive for archives: 1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB) Listing archive: gpg.7z -- Path = gpg.7z Type = 7z Physical Size = 4157 Headers Size = 278 Method = LZMA2:12k Solid = + Blocks = 1 Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name ------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------ 2023-01-04 18:24:05 D.... 0 0 .gnupg 2023-01-04 18:22:36 D.... 0 0 .gnupg/private-keys-v1.d 2023-01-04 18:24:48 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/S.gpg-agent 2023-01-04 18:22:36 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/pubring.gpg 2023-01-04 18:24:05 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/secring.gpg 2023-01-04 18:22:36 ....A 7680 3879 .gnupg/gpg.conf 2023-01-04 18:24:52 ....A 600 .gnupg/random_seed ------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------ 2023-01-04 18:24:52 8280 3879 5 files, 2 folders 解压文件
使用e来解压文件，解压所有文件到当前目录。（不推荐使用）
[root@localhost test]# 7z e gpg.7z 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive for archives: 1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB) Extracting archive: gpg.7z -- Path = gpg.7z Type = 7z Physical Size = 4157 Headers Size = 278 Method = LZMA2:12k Solid = + Blocks = 1 Everything is Ok Folders: 2 Files: 5 Size: 8280 Compressed: 4157 可以看到所有文件都解压到当前目录了。 现在使用x参数解压文件看一下。
[root@localhost test]# 7z x gpg.7z 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive for archives: 1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB) Extracting archive: gpg.7z -- Path = gpg.7z Type = 7z Physical Size = 4157 Headers Size = 278 Method = LZMA2:12k Solid = + Blocks = 1 Everything is Ok Folders: 2 Files: 5 Size: 8280 Compressed: 4157 可以看到解压出来的文件，按照原来文件的目录形式解压出来的。
更新压缩包
一段时间之后，需要将一些新文件添加到文件夹中，并且希望将他们添加到压缩包里面，可以不用创建一个新的压缩包，只需要更新现有的压缩包就可以。
首先将test目录压缩
[root@localhost test]# 7z a files.7z test/ 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive: 1 folder, 4 files, 0 bytes Creating archive: files.7z Items to compress: 5 Files read from disk: 0 Archive size: 158 bytes (1 KiB) Everything is Ok 在test文件夹中创建几个文件，然后再更新压缩包：
[root@localhost test]# touch test/file{5..10}.txt [root@localhost test]# 7z u files.7z test/ 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Open archive: files.7z -- Path = files.7z Type = 7z Physical Size = 158 Headers Size = 158 Solid = - Blocks = 0 Scanning the drive: 1 folder, 10 files, 0 bytes Updating archive: files.7z Items to compress: 7 Files read from disk: 0 Archive size: 186 bytes (1 KiB) Everything is Ok 查看一下是否已经添加文件。
[root@localhost test]# 7z l files.7z 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive for archives: 1 file, 186 bytes (1 KiB) Listing archive: files.7z -- Path = files.7z Type = 7z Physical Size = 186 Headers Size = 186 Solid = - Blocks = 0 Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name ------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------ 2023-03-11 14:24:54 D.... 0 0 test 2023-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file1.txt 2023-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file10.txt 2023-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file2.txt 2023-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file3.txt 2023-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file4.txt 2023-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file5.txt 2023-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file6.txt 2023-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file7.txt 2023-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file8.txt 2023-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file9.txt ------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------ 2023-03-11 14:24:54 0 0 10 files, 1 folders 总结
7z格式的压缩比例比ZIP格式的压缩比例高30%-50%。
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